Researchers and a scientific watchdog group are calling on regulators
to take a new look at the safety of aspartame following a new study
concluding that the popular sweetener promotes cancer in rats.
The study, published in a U.S. government journal, found increased
rates of malignancies in animals fed aspartame throughout their
lifespan. The product, which is the key ingredient in sweeteners
including NutraSweet and Equal, is also used to sweeten thousands of
food products and is widely used in diet soft drinks.
Aspartame first gained U.S. approval in 1981. Ever since,
manufacturers have vigorously defended its safety. On Tuesday, an
industry group blasted the study as flawed and warned it would
needlessly alarm consumers.
But the Italy-based research team said their study shows that lifetime
exposure of rats to aspartame — beginning in the womb — increased
the incidence of having cancerous tumors by the time they died.
“We believe that a review of the current regulations governing the use
of aspartame cannot be delayed,” wrote researchers from the European
Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences in
Bologna. The study was published online in the journal Environmental
Health Perspectives, published by the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences.
The consumer group Center for Science in the Public Interest followed
the study with a call on the FDA to revisit its original approval of
aspartame.
“Because aspartame is so widely consumed, it is urgent that the FDA
evaluate whether aspartame still poses a ‘reasonable certainty of no
harm,’ the standard used for gauging the safety of food additives,”
Michael Jacobson, the group’s executive director, said in a statement.
“But consumers, particularly parents, shouldn’t wait for the FDA to
act. People shouldn’t panic, but they should stop buying beverages and
foods containing aspartame,” he said.
Previous Study ‘Reassuring’
A study published last year by the National Cancer Institute found no
correlation between aspartame consumption and cancer growth in nearly
475,000 people. While the study was not designed to find a causal link
between aspartame and cancer, Jacobson’s group at the time said they
were reassured that aspartame is safe for humans at typical amounts
most people consume.
On Tuesday, Jacobson said that sense of reassurance was gone thanks to
the latest Italian animal study.
“The previous study was reassuring but certainly not definitive,”
Jacobson tells WebMD. “I think the FDA needs to take a new look at
this, and then we’ll go from there.”
Beth Hubrich, a spokeswoman for the industry group Calorie Control
Council, criticizes the study’s methods.
“This goes against the overwhelming scientific literature that
aspartame is safe,” she tells WebMD.
That was echoed by the FDA. Spokesman Michael Herndon says the agency
was interested in reviewing the Italian study. But he says the results
are “not consistent” with results from a large number of other studies
evaluated by the agency.
“Therefore, at this time, FDA finds no reason to alter its previous
conclusion that aspartame is safe as a general purpose sweetener in
food,” the statement says.